Objectives: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, characteristics of their dietary habits, lifestyle and other associated determinants. Material and method: design: cross-sectional study. Location: Primary Health Center, urban area. Participants: children > 6 and < 10 years of ABS El Carmel (Barcelona) (n = 716). Selection criteria: random sample (n = 340; prevalence: 15%; CI: 95%; accuracy: 3%) from the database SIAP (System for Information in Primary Care), no exclusion criteria were established. No answer: n = 63 (95%: address error; 5%: lack of interest). Measurements: weight, height (for BMI), Quick Test and Short Test from Krece Plus (for diet and lifestyle). Descriptive and bivariate analysis: Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA test, correlation test and logistic regression. Results: two hundred and seventy-six surveys (81.4%). Overweight prevalence: 11.59% (95% CI: 7.81%-15.32%); obesity prevalence: 10.14% (95% CI: 6.58%-13.7%). Food habits: 52.3% optimal feeding habits and 4.4% inadequate. Lifestyle: 58.7% bad lifestyle and 3.6% good lifestyle. The BMI mean was higher (p < 0.05) in inactive children, in low education level of mothers, or in born outside Spain. Overweight and obesity in children is 3.6 times higher (95% CI: 1.37-8.05) if the father is obese and 3.1 times higher (95% CI: 1.19-7.31) if the mother is obese. Conclusions: the study provides a baseline for establishing the guidelines and activities of the community intervention program for preventing childhood obesity.

Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población infantil, las características de sus hábitos dietéticos, su estilo de vida y otros determinantes asociados. Material y métodos: diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Centro de Atención Primaria, ámbito urbano. Participantes: niños > 6 y < 10 años del ABS El Carmel (Barcelona) (n = 716). Criterios de selección: muestra aleatoria -n = 340; prevalencia: 15%; intervalo de confianza (IC): 95%; precisión: 3%- de la base de datos SIAP (Sistema de Información en Atención Primaria). No se establecieron criterios de exclusión. Sin respuesta: n = 63 (95%: errores de filiación; 5%: falta de interés). Mediciones principales: peso y talla -para el índice de masa corporal (IMC)-, test rápido Krece Plus y test corto de actividad física Krece Plus (para hábitos dietéticos y estilo de vida). Análisis descriptivo y bivariado: chi al cuadrado, test de la t de Student, test de Anova, test de correlación y regresión logística. Resultados: 276 encuestas (81,4%). Prevalencia del sobrepeso: 11,59% (IC 95%: 7,81%-15,32%); prevalencia de la obesidad: 10,14% (IC 95%: 6,58%-13,7%). Hábitos alimentarios: 52,3% tiene una alimentación óptima y 4,4% presenta hábitos inadecuados. Estilo de vida: malo: 58,7%; bueno: 3,6%. La media del IMC es superior (p < 0,05) en los niños más inactivos, cuando el nivel de estudios de la madre es bajo o si nacieron fuera de España. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantiles son 3,6 veces superiores (IC 95%: 1,37-8,05) si el padre es obeso y 3,1 veces superiores (IC 95%: 1,19-7,31) si lo es la madre. Conclusiones: el estudio proporciona una línea de base para establecer las directrices y actividades del programa de intervención comunitaria para la prevención de la obesidad infantil.

The livers of Geophagus brasiliensis collected from both a non-polluted site and a polluted site were analyzed for different antioxidant defenses, O2 consumption, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and histological damage. Compared to controls (116.6 ± 26.1 nmol g-1), TBARS levels were enhanced at the polluted site (284.2 ± 25.6 nmol g-1), as also was oxygen consumption (86.6 ± 11.3 and 128.5 ± 9.8 µmol O2 min-1 g-1, respectively). With respect to enzymatic antioxidants, increased catalase activities (8.7 ± 1.3 and 29.2 ± 2.4 mmol min-1 g-1, respectively), unchanged superoxide dismutase activities (767.2 ± 113.3 and 563.3 ± 70.2 U g-1, respectively), and diminished glutathione S-transferase activities (29.0 ± 3.2 and 14.9 ± 3.2 µmol min-1 g-1, respectively) were detected. Reduced glutathione (1.91 ± 0.17 and 1.37 ± 0.25 mM, respectively), oxidized glutathione (1.50 ± 0.20 and 0.73 ± 0.17 mM, respectively), and total glutathione (3.40 ± 0.26 and 2.07 ± 0.27 mM, respectively) concentrations were also below control values at the polluted site. Nevertheless, the observed ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities (1.34 ± 0.11 and 16.7 ± 0.21 pmol min-1 mg-1, respectively) showed enhanced values at the polluted site. The main histological damage observed in the hepatocytes from fish collected at the polluted site was characterized by heavy lipid infiltration. Fish collected at the end of spring showed higher O2 consumption, higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and higher total and oxidized glutathione concentrations compared to the beginning of autumn. No seasonal changes were observed in catalase activities, glutathione or TBARS levels. Fish chronically exposed to relatively high pollution levels seem to be unable to set up adequate antioxidant defenses, probably due to severe injury to their hepatocytes. The higher antioxidant defenses found at the end of spring are probably related to the enhanced activities during high temperature periods in thermoconforming organisms.